Facts
Boys are 2x more likely to be diagnosed with conditions requiring medication compared to girls exhibiting the same symptoms. (Pubmed: NIH)
The pace of girls’ brain development is roughly 2 years ahead of boys. (Sax)
Language areas of the brain in 5 year old boys look like the language areas of the brain of the average 3-and-a-half year old girl. (ibid.)
Differences in motivation (ibid.):
“Most girls will do the homework because the teacher asked them to. Boys are more likely to do the homework only if it interests them.”
Girls motivation is very steady across activities; Boys motivation varies greatly from one activity-to-another.
These differences in motivation are true not just for human males/females, but also for males/females from most primate species.
“Boys in all racial categories (white, black, and Hispanic) across all subject areas (reading, math, and science) are not represented in grade distributions where their test scores would predict.” “Boys who perform equally as well as girls on subject-area tests are graded less favorably by their teachers.” (Cornwell, Mustard, Parys)
Boys and Girls brains work & learn differently. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found, based on MRI scans, that “male brains are structured to facilitate connectivity between perception and coordinated action, whereas female brains are designed to facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes.”
Currently there are 19 schools nationwide that offer All-Boys education to students in grades 1-8 (many of them are high schools as well). Over half of them are Catholic schools. (Wikipedia: List of Boys Schools in the United States)